Battery level – Meaning of the most common IP rating
Almost all electronic device manufacturers and sellers on the market will specify the protection level parameter in the technical specifications of the device. This article will cover the definition, specific meanings of each battery level, and the way of keeping lithium battery safety, making the most common IP rating concept in battery level more familiar to people.
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Definition of the battery level
Simply conclude there is an indicator called intrusion protection to measure the dust and water resistance performance of batteries, which was drafted by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) and abbreviated as IPXX. The IP rating is a standardized evaluation of battery casings.
The first X represents the dust-proof (solid-state) level; The second X represents the waterproof (liquid) grade.
Let’s take a look at the specific explanation of IP rating below.
The IP level is the degree of protection provided by electrical equipment enclosures against foreign object intrusion. According to standard inspection methods, it determines the degree of protection provided by the enclosure against human access to hazardous components, solid foreign objects, or water ingress.
Please refer to the national standard for the protection level of the shell (IP code). The battery level provided by the shell is represented by the IP code in the following way.
When it is not required to specify characteristic numbers, the letter “X” should be used instead (if both letters are omitted, “XX” should be used). Additional letters and/or supplementary letters can be omitted and do not need to be replaced. When using more than one supplementary letter, it should be arranged in alphabetical order.
When different installation methods are used to provide different battery levels of protection for the casing, the manufacturer should indicate the battery level of protection in the corresponding installation instructions.
What does each battery level means
The number 6 in IP67 represents the object’s ability to prevent dust, while the number 7 represents its ability to prevent water. Whether dust-proof or waterproof, both start with 0, where dust-proof ability is represented by 0-6, and waterproof ability is represented by the 8-digit number 0-8, represented by the 9 digits 0-8. The larger the value, the higher the battery level.
It can be seen that the larger the value, the higher the battery level in protection. The protection level of IP67 means that it can ensure that objects can penetrate water at a depth of 1m for 30 minutes without affecting their performance. This battery level is relatively high. So when it rains or goes through a puddle, there is still no problem with electric cars.
How to choose the lithium battery level
Lithium ion batteries are one of the important core components of electric vehicles, so the protection level required for lithium-ion batteries is also relatively high. In recent years, it is common to hear electric vehicle manufacturers mention the IP67 standard in their promotions, which actually refers to the dust and water resistance of battery level especially lithium-ion batteries.
In terms of the sealing performance of lithium-ion batteries, the country requires them to meet the IP67 standard.
Although lithium-ion batteries have high waterproof performance, it is not recommended to easily wade into water.
On the one hand, the battery level reaching IP67 does not mean that the protection level of other parts of the vehicle is also IP67. If it is easy to wade through water, if the battery level in water is high enough, water will overflow into the cabin from the gap, causing water to enter the car and damage or short-circuit low-voltage electrical appliances.
On the other hand, the underwater situation is complex and intricate. When vehicles wade through water, they may not be able to see the underwater situation clearly due to factors such as turbid water, which can cause the EV battery case to be stuck or scratched, resulting in damage to the battery. This can lead to water ingress or short circuits caused by compression or puncture, resulting in combustion accidents.
How to protect the battery
In electric vehicle collision accidents, the power lithium battery is deformed maybe become swollen lithium battery due to impact and compression, and the battery core may experience thermal runaway and fire; Other components inside the battery pack may also be compressed and impacted during collisions, causing the disturbance of battery balancing and posing a risk of short circuits or even fire and explosion; The high-voltage cables and components inside the battery pack are easily scratched or torn during collisions, which may cause short circuits, fires, or electric shock injuries.
The key to collision protection of power lithium batteries lies in controlling the deformation of the battery pack shell structure during collision, and minimizing the impact and compression of internal components. In addition, the battery core and high-voltage components themselves should also have certain resistance to compression and puncture.
In recent years, some researchers have been studying buffer structures that can absorb some of the impact energy during collisions to mitigate the acceleration impact on battery packs. This may have a positive impact on the durability of the battery pack, but its significance in terms of collision protection is not significant.
To enhance the safety of power lithium batteries, prevent battery explosions caused by collisions and avoid battery failure, the following measures can be taken.
Strengthen battery protection
New energy vehicles should choose a dedicated platform as the vehicle platform to prevent the continued use of the “oil to electric” platform. This way, the position of the power lithium battery pack can be moved from the trunk and other easily impacted areas to the vehicle chassis, reducing the probability of the power lithium battery being impacted
Pay attention to safe driving
Drivers should pay attention to safe driving while driving to prevent traffic accidents. Do not easily drive the car onto the curb. When passing through potholes, be sure to slow down to prevent battery damage.
Strictly control the quality of batteries
Battery manufacturers must strictly control the quality of batteries, ensure the battery level and strictly prohibit the entry of unverified batteries into the market. Batteries must undergo safety tests such as immersion, compression, collision, puncture, and combustion in accordance with national standards before entering the market.
Conclusion
Normally, all batteries are not permeable to liquids or solid foreign objects. However, not all devices are waterproof, dust-proof, or sand proof. Therefore, a battery level IP rating can give us a clear understanding of the protection level in battery level against liquids and solid foreign objects.
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