Solid state ev batteries – a turning point for electric vehicles

Although it has excellent performance, there are also obstacles that are difficult to overcome. The characteristics of lithium ion battery structure limit battery performance, and are also the root cause of battery aging and potential safety hazards.

Therefore, a battery with high energy density, good safety performance, high cycle performance and good low-temperature discharge performance is particularly important for the development of electric vehicles. Solid-state electric vehicle batteries are the savior that is expected to solve these problems.

What are the benefits of solid state ev batteries?

In order to solve the problem of energy density of the battery, the innovation of the power battery must be carried out. Therefore, to eliminate mileage anxiety, the performance characteristics of solid-state electric vehicle batteries are the goal of power battery development, and it is also a new direction for the future development of lithium batteries.

The solid-state electric vehicle battery is actually just a battery that improves the existing lithium battery in terms of technology and technology. The main difference between it and a liquid battery is that the liquid electrolyte is replaced by a solid electrolyte, and the lithium ion battery separator is canceled at the same time. Because the lithium battery itself has a lithium dendrite problem.

During the charging process of a lithium battery, lithium ions will form dendritic lithium atom crystals through a reduction reaction on the surface of the negative electrode. If lithium crystals penetrate the separator and come to the positive electrode, it will cause an internal short circuit and cause a fire.

Therefore, once the liquid lithium battery is squeezed or impacted, the diaphragm will rupture, resulting in a short circuit between the positive and negative electrodes.

At the same time, a large amount of heat is generated inside the lithium battery, and the flammable organic solvent in the liquid electrolyte will cause the battery to catch fire or even explode.

The solid-state electric vehicle battery is to solve this instability and improve the safety space.

After replacing the electrolyte material from liquid to solid. Solid-state electric vehicle batteries are more thermally stable due to the slow growth and impenetrability of lithium dendrites in solid-state electrolytes and their poor flammability.

To solve the safety problem, solid-state electric vehicle batteries can use higher-performance positive and negative electrode materials, making the energy density exceed 300Wh / kg.

Solid-state electric vehicle batteries can have longer cruising range, safer operating environment, and longer battery life under the same volume of ev battery cell, and can also increase the value retention rate of electric used cars.

Development of solid state ev batteries

At present, almost all battery manufacturers in the world, including Ningde Times, BYD, LG New Energy, Ganfeng Lithium Battery, and many auto giants, such as Toyota, BMW, and Volkswagen, are working on the research and development of solid-state electric vehicle batteries.

As China’s first car company to enter the field of independent development of solid-state electric vehicle batteries, after years of research, Dongfeng has successively mastered the development technologies of solid-state battery cells, systems, and vehicle-mounted applications, and obtained China’s first solid-state battery with strong scientific and technological strength.

At present, Dongfeng is focusing on the second-generation and third-generation solid-state electric vehicle batteries, as well as the development of independent ceramic nuclear cells, laying out the entire value chain technology ecology of solid-state batteries, and making every effort to create Dongfeng’s original technology source for solid-state batteries.

BMW sees great potential in the future for solid-state electric vehicle batteries. BMW announced not long ago that it will start testing solid-state electric vehicle batteries developed in cooperation with US battery technology company Solid Power. Cars equipped with solid-state batteries may be launched in 2030. It is speculated that BMW’s solid-state battery plan should be to directly launch models equipped with all-solid-state batteries.

The Volkswagen Group, which also belongs to Germany, chose to invest in another well-known solid-state battery company, QuantumScape. The company also announced not long ago that its first batch of 24-layer all-solid-state lithium metal batteries has been shipped to electric vehicle manufacturers for internal testing.

Japan is in a leading position in most fields of electric vehicle technology, and the same is true for solid-state electric vehicle batteries. Toyota, Honda, and Nissan have all released plans to mass-produce all-solid-state battery vehicles in 2030, among which Toyota is the owns the world’s largest number of patents related to solid-state batteries.

South Korea’s LG, which once had fierce competition with the CATL in the field of lithium batteries, has greater ambitions. It announced that it will commercialize solid-state electric vehicle batteries between 2025 and 2027.

Summarize

The reason why solid-state batteries are placed with such high expectations is mainly because solid-state batteries have three major advantages: extremely high energy density; extremely fast charging speed; a leap in safety.

It has become an industry consensus that solid-state electric vehicle batteries are one of the main directions for the development of next-generation batteries.